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Progress of forest certification in China

Wenming LU, Maharaj MUTHOO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 414-420 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017185

摘要： The Chinese Government is committed to forest certification as a market-based instrument to promote sustainable forest management. Forest certification includes a number of regulations, rules and policy paradigms related to certification and there are numerous challenges facing the uptake of forest certification in China. In particular, the ban on commercial logging in natural forests implemented by the Natural Forest Protection Program has resulted in little demand for forest certification of natural forest management units. However, there are also certification opportunities, such as the certification of non-timber forest products that benefit local communities who depend on forests for the goods and services they provide. This paper provides an overview of progress in forest certification in China, including its development history, organizational structure, scheme documents, certification scopes and standards, accreditation, certification bodies and auditors, and certification logos. The paper also focuses on government support for the supervision and management of forest certification through policy incentives, including the potential government procurement and subsidy policies for certified forest products. Finally, the paper analyzes certified non-timber forest products as an example of the value of certification to promote sustainable forest management and how the concept of forest certification can be used to add value to forests and ensure they are responsibly and sustainably managed. In general, forest certification in China has a clear role in sustainable forest management, both for timber and non-timber forest products.

关键词： China Forest Certification Scheme forest certification government support opportunities and challenges sustainable forest management

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT INDEX: DEFINITION, GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 356-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022458

摘要：

● A composite N management index is proposed to measure agriculture sustainability.

关键词： global assessment indicator nitrogen management sustainable agriculture sustainable development goals

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Innovation on Remanufacturing Engineering Management —Striving for Sustainable Development

Qiao Xiang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 101-101 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016027

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POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期

摘要：

• Manure utilization is hindered by separate specialist crop and livestock production systems.

• Improving manure utilization requires organizations for manure exchange.

• Policies and action plans for improving manure utilization are critically reviewed.

• A manure chain approach with third-party contractors is recommended.

Livestock numbers in China have more than tripled between 1980 and 2017. The increase in the number of intensive livestock production systems has created the challenges of decoupled crop and livestock systems, low utilization of manures in croplands, and subsequent environmental pollution. Correspondingly, the government has enacted a series of policies and regulations to increase the sustainability of livestock production. This paper reviews the objectives of these policies and regulations and their impacts on manure management. Since 2017 there have been two policy guides to speed up the appropriate use of manures, three action plans for increasing manure recycling, and one technical guide to calculate nutrient balances. Requirements of manure pollution control and recycling for improved environmental performance of livestock production systems were included in three revised environmental laws. Most recent survey data indicate that the utilization of livestock manures was 70% in 2017, including that used as fertilizer and/or for production of energy. The targets for manure utilization are 75% in 2020 and 90% in 2035. To achieve these targets and promote ‘green livestock production’, additional changes are needed including the use of third-party enterprises that facilitate manure exchange between farms and a more integrated manure nutrient management approach.

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN AGROECOSYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 366-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022447

摘要：

● There is huge potential for improvement of nitrogen management in Australia.

关键词： Australian agroecosystems reactive nitrogen sustainable development

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The road to sustainable use and waste management of plastics in Portugal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 5-5 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1439-x

摘要：

• Portugal recycles 34% of the 40 kg/hab year of plastic packaging waste.

关键词： Single-use plastics Plastic packaging Plastic waste Waste management Waste shipment Lightweight plastic bags

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Industrial solid waste flow analysis of eco-industrial parks: implications for sustainable waste management

Yongpeng Lü, Kai YANG, Yue CHE, Zhaoyi SHANG, Jun TAI, Yun JIAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 575-587 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0344-0

摘要： Sustainable waste management in the industrial ecology perspective brings enormous challenges to the existing methodology of waste analysis at the industrial park (IP) scale. In this study, a four-step method was proposed for industrial solid waste (ISW) flow analysis of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) and applied to two IPs in eastern China. According to a park-wide census of 619 industrial enterprises and 105 questionnaires by a survey from 2006 to 2008, the results indicated that: 1) at the enterprise scale, more than 60% of enterprises were small-ISW-generation enterprises which encountered great difficulties on effective waste management; 2) at the IP scale, though the two IPs have set up their own environmental management systems and passed the ISO 14001 certification, the efficiencies of the ISW management systems have yet to be improved in the industrial ecology perspective; and 3) at the regional scale, more than 97% of ISW flowed within the provincial region, indicating that the provincial governments prevented the wastes from flowing into their own “back yard”. Effective waste management should be placed in a broader perspective. Approaches to sustainable waste management may include wastes exchange, efficient waste and information flow, virtual EIP, waste minimization clubs and regionalization of waste management.

关键词： industrial solid waste waste flow analysis eco-industrial parks sustainable waste management “not in my back yard”

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New perspectives in free nitrous acid (FNA) uses for sustainable wastewater management

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1786-5

摘要：

● The historical development of free nitrous acid (FNA) technologies is reviewed.

关键词： Free nitrous acid Acid-tolerant ammonia oxidizer In situ generation Wastewater management

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面向21世纪的中国林业遥感

赵宪文

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第3期页码 16-21

摘要：

重点概述了近20年来林业遥感专家们为改进森林资源调查方法所作的诸多努力，如用卫星数据估计森林蓄积量、小块林地面积、以及森林郁闭度方法的研究、森林动态图的编制等。特别是上述方法在经过森林调查实际应用并进行效益分析后，提出的改进现行调查体系的建议。此外还提及了遥感用于评估、监测森林生态环境和森林灾害等方面取得的进展。对21世纪中国林业遥感前景进行了展望。作者认为下一个世纪中国林业遥感发展的主要方向是：包容各种新技术，形成新的技术体系，并与国际接轨；利用遥感的优势，研究森林的宏观状况与作用；与森林经营进一步结合。

关键词：林业遥感持续发展 21世纪

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A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 490-510 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022453

摘要：

● Progress on nitrogen management in agriculture is overviewed in China.

关键词： 4R technology food chain N management N use efficiency soil-crop system sustainable management

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Sustainable Program Quality Management of International Infrastructure Construction

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 239-245 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016047

摘要： Management of the program quality for international infrastructure construction projects is complicated. Sustainability of these programs is the key for them to succeed in their lifecycles. This paper investigated current program quality management and compared it with the results of recent surveys of KGMP. A method for the sustainable program quality management of the international infrastructure construction management is proposed and demonstrated by research projects. The cycle of accountability, predictability, balance ability, and policy was proposed. The findings from the KGMP’s survey and this research show that the trend of the sustainable program quality management of the international infrastructure construction is transferring from agility to alacrity in the balancing of the metrics among economy, ecology, culture, and politics.

关键词： sustainability program infrastructure

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蓄能运行有利于风电等新能源的可持续发展

曹楚生

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第11期页码 93-97

摘要：

蓄能运行即通过不同蓄能设施利用电网低谷剩余电能储存转换，变成和再生能源一样，可周而复始更新使用，形成可持续发展的循环机制。蓄能设施涵盖抽水蓄能和其他蓄电、蓄能装置。当今水电发展受限于水能资源，在原电力开发基础上再考虑蓄能运行后可使之步入新的境界，有利于风电等新能源和整个电网的可持续发展。

关键词：蓄能运行风电可持续发展

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Zero increase in peak discharge for sustainable development

Xing Fang, Junqi Li, Yongwei Gong, Xiaoning Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0935-5

摘要： For urban land development, some or all natural land uses (primarily pervious) are converted into impervious areas which lead to increases of runoff volume and peak discharge. Most of the developed countries require a zero increase in peak discharge for any land development, and the policy has been implemented for several decades. The policy of zero increase in peak discharge can be considered as historical and early stage for the low impact development (LID) and sustainable development, which is to maintain natural hydrological conditions by storing a part or all of additional runoff due to the development on site. The paper will discuss the policy, the policy implementation for individual projects and their impact on regional hydrology. The design rainfalls for sizing LID facilities that are determined in 206 weather stations in USA are smaller than design rainfalls for sizing detention basins. The zero-increase policy links to financial responsibility and sustainability for construction of urban stormwater infrastructures and for reducing urban flooding. The policy was compared with current practices of urban development in China to shine the light for solving urban stormwater problems. The connections and differences among LID practices, the zero-increase policy, and the flood control infrastructure were discussed. We promote and advocate the zero-increase policy on peak discharge for comprehensive stormwater management in China in addition to LID.

关键词： Stormwater management Detention basin Zero increase Peak discharge Sustainable development Design rainfall

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森林火灾预报的新视角

赵宪文

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第5期页码 66-71

摘要：

从森林火灾成灾的三个基本因子（火源、环境和可燃物）入手，在宏观上对西南地区森林火灾预报方法进行了探讨。在预测林火发生方面，考虑到人为火是发生森林火灾的主要原因，有很大随机性，因而采用了马尔科夫随机过程理论。在分析成灾环境时，采用了与天、地、生相关分析的方法。特别在可燃物的贮量估测方面，用航天遥感数据，提出一套新的框算方法，为在区域的尺度上估测森林火灾给出了有效的、定量的方法，从而提高了可信度。

关键词：森林火灾预报航天遥感火灾基本因子新视角

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The role of EcoCampus in addressing sustainability in UK universities

Peter REDFERN, Hua ZHONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 193-200 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017038

摘要： Universities are key drivers of sustainable development and are well-positioned to contribute to the sustainability agenda. Universities in the United Kingdom (UK) are themselves large and influential organisations, and because of their size, can have a significant impact on the environment. Their challenge, however, is to practice what they preach and to manage their own estates and procurement decisions to reduce their impact on the environment and meet carbon reduction targets. In the UK, higher education (HE) sector Scopes 1 and 2 carbon CO e emissions have, over recent years, been falling considerably short of the emission reduction targets set by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) in all but a few institutions. Setting sector specific targets, therefore, does not guarantee success in addressing climate change. However, in those institutions adopting the EcoCampus management system approach, Scopes 1 and 2 carbon CO e emissions have fallen by up to 5% over the latest reporting period (2013/2014–2014/2015). This contrasts with the increase in emissions from those institutions who currently do not have a certified management system and are currently at the bottom of the People and Planet University League Table. (This is an independent league table of UK universities ranked by environmental and ethical performance). Environmental management systems (EMSs) are increasingly being used by organisations to improve their environmental performance. EMSs deliver many benefits such as reducing resource use and pollution, complying with relevant environmental legislation, managing risks, improving corporate reputation and saving costs. The aim of this research was to assess the carbon management performance of universities in the UK and China and relate this to the level of uptake of EMSs in these universities. The results of this research informed the development of the EMS support and awards programme called EcoCampus. EcoCampus addresses the challenges faced by universities in reducing their carbon emissions by developing an EMS in simple stages with support in a variety of different forms. This self-financing programme has now been operating successfully for over ten years. During this time, EcoCampus has worked with over 60 universities and colleges in the UK. Eighteen participants have currently achieved the highest phase of EcoCampus and certification to the international EMS standard ISO14001. There are currently 40 universities, one research institute and three colleges enrolled on the various phases of the EcoCampus programme. There are five universities from the Russell Group including Cambridge University, Imperial College London, Nottingham University, Newcastle University and University College London. The EcoCampus programme is highly successful in the UK and there is growing interest from international universities wishing to join the programme. Seven of the top ten universities in the UK’s People and Planet University League Table are EcoCampus members. All the top ten universities in the League Table have shown a reduction in their carbon emissions. In contrast, the ten institutions at the bottom of the League don’t have a certified EMS and have increased their carbon emissions. By identifying the benefits of an EMS, particularly in relation to carbon management, it is hoped that this paper will encourage organisations to develop, implement and operate an EMS. This should lead to a more sustainable sector able to lead by example.

关键词： EcoCampus environmental management sustainable development carbon management